The Traditional Owners of Country for the area today known as the Northern Grampians Shire and recognised as Registered Aboriginal Parties are the Barengji Gadjin (the Wotjobaluk, Jaadwa, Jadawadjali, Wergaia and Jupagulk peoples), the Dja Dja Wurrung peoples and the Eastern Maar peoples. They have an ancient history, culture and connections to Country that remain strong to this very day.
The area’s more recent history includes its role as a tourism mecca and gold rush landscape.
Stawell mines – gold til ca. 1880, then quartz.] Photographer Washbourne, Thomas J., active 1870-1888. State Library Victoria
Tourism played an important role in this area, from an early time. It was based around the scenic beauty of the Grampians. As early as 1866 the Stawell Roads Board had commissioned a photographer to take views of local scenic spots. The Grampians with its dramatic scenery proved a major attraction. The improvement of roads and the opening of the railway to Stawell in 1876 made the Grampians more accessible. Visitors often stayed in guesthouses in Stawell and ventured to Halls Gap by gig, buggy or coach.
Early discoveries of gold occurred at Carapooee Creek in 1851 and Pleasant Creek (modern Stawell) in 1853. However that field didn’t yield substantial amounts of gold until 1854. By 1855 gold had been discovered at Bakery Hill on the northern outskirts of St Arnaud.
Gold Prospectors Camp memorial on Wimmera Hwy 2km east of St Arnaud
As with most of the diggings the initial rush relied on the discovery of alluvial gold or what could be extracted from shallow shafts. Distinct fields were discovered at:
- New Bendigo, near St Arnaud;
- Pleasant Creek, the beginnings of modern Stawell;
- Peter’s Diggings;
- Rostron’s Diggings on Tottington station;
- Great Western, between Stawell and Ararat;
- Emu; and
- Stuart Mill.
Gold Panning Mural at St Arnaud
The goldfields were generally seen to be a melting pot for many nationalities and whilst this was true for the fields in Northern Grampians it is also true that a significant number of the diggers originated from the British Isles. Almost three-quarters of the population of St Arnaud in 1861 were either born in Australia or England, Scotland and Wales (not that the Scots or Welsh would have seen themselves as Anglo). Fifteen per cent originated from Ireland.
The Chinese stood apart from these European diggers and many found their way to this district from Robe in South Australia, having been unloaded from ships there and finding their way to the diggings overland. The Chinese were often not part of the original rushes and were content to re-work diggings abandoned by the Europeans. For example, the Chinese Camp at St Arnaud was established in 1855, when Europeans had all but abandoned the field.
Chinese and miners on the way to the diggings between 1860 and 1866
State Library Victoria
